In Aldous Huxley’s popular novel, Brave New World, the future is shaped by control, illusion, and the erosion of individual freedoms. Today, the global order seems to be heading towards a similar dystopia, not by design but through the unintended consequences of ambition, fragmentation, and shifting power dynamics.
A significant shift is occurring worldwide, one that extends beyond new technologies and electoral turmoil. The foundation of international relations, trade, and collaboration is undergoing rapid change. The post-World War II global order, which is driven by rules, free trade, and mutual prosperity, is slowly disintegrating. What is emerging is more chaotic, uncertain, and complicated.
We are entering a new world.
The global system is breaking apart
For decades, globalisation promised progress: cheaper goods, open markets, and shared ideas. Countries like China advanced through it, multinationals thrived, and billions were lifted out of poverty.
However, that era is drawing to a close, and the signs are everywhere.
The U.S.-China trade war is not just a playground spat; it signifies a permanent shift in how the two largest economies in the world perceive one another. Also, the European Union, once united under a single ideal, is now fractured by Brexit, energy insecurity, and political polarisation. The war in Ukraine not only impacted Europe; it serves as a reminder that global peace should not be taken for granted.
Institutions such as the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and the United Nations appear increasingly ineffective. Nationalism is on the rise, and countries are retreating. Everyone seems to be saying, “Us first.”
The rise of regional alliances
We are witnessing a shift from globalisation to “regionalisation.” New alliances and interests are shaping trade, security, and technology. The U.S. is forging closer ties with its allies and relocating production away from China. China is investing heavily in self-reliance and expanding its influence in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
The BRICS alliance, which comprises Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa and has since expanded to include Egypt, Iran, and others, is quietly emerging as a counterbalance to the West. This new world is not characterised by a single superpower dominating the others; it centres on multiple powers, each pursuing its agenda.
This isn’t the first time the world has undergone such a significant change. Before World War I, a period of global trade and optimism also prevailed. However, the rise of nationalism and competing empires ultimately resulted in a devastating war. The parallels we see today are difficult to overlook.
What This Means for Africa – and Nigeria
Opportunities for Africa could unfold in various directions. On the bright side, the decline of global norms liberates us from adhering to external standards. We can choose partners, establish conditions, and carve our trajectory. Nations like China, Russia, and the Gulf states are eager to invest in the region, offering alternatives to Western aid or IMF loans.
However, there is also a genuine danger. We may find ourselves caught in the crossfire between rival powers, much like during the Cold War. Many agreements today are ambiguous and not always aligned with our long-term interests. Without a clear strategy, Africa could become a chessboard where others play and we become the pawns.
As Africa’s largest economy and democracy, Nigeria should lead the discussion on this matter. However, we often face internal challenges, such as corruption, inadequate infrastructure, and political instability. Failing to adapt swiftly may result in being overlooked in this rapidly changing global landscape.
What can African leaders do now?
To navigate this bold new world, African countries, particularly Nigeria, must reassess how they project themselves on the global stage. Here’s where we can start:
1. Make AfCFTA a reality: The African Continental Free Trade Area allows us to build strength from within. By trading more with one another, we can rely less on the rest of the world.
2. Remain non-aligned but strategic: We should avoid choosing sides between China, the U.S., and Russia. Instead, we must focus on what benefits our people and economies.
3. Invest in technology and talent: The next battle will be digital. We must develop technological ecosystems, invest in young minds, and safeguard data sovereignty.
4. Redefining security: Security encompasses more than just military aspects; it includes food, energy, climate, and digital safety. We need to broaden the definition of security in our policies to address emerging threats better.
5. Earn our citizens’ trust: Leadership in this age relies less on charisma and more on tangible results. Governments must be transparent, deliver on their promises, and focus on making a real impact.
The future isn’t a given
This shifting world order is not inherently harmful; it is simply different. Furthermore, it offers Africans and Nigerians a unique opportunity to redefine our position in the world.
We can either let others shape our future or take proactive steps to build strong alliances, invest in our people, and secure our place at the table.
A brave new world is on the horizon. Let’s be bold, imaginative, united, and visionary.
Anani is a writer and strategist based in Lagos, Nigeria.
